ABSTRACT
Over the past decade, additive manufacturing (AM) has become widely adopted for both prototyping and, more recently, end-use products. In particular, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most widespread form of additive manufacturing due to its low cost, ease of use, and versatility. While additive processes are relatively automated, many steps in their operation and repair require trained human operators. Finding such operators can be difficult, as highlighted during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Augmented reality (AR) systems could significantly help address this challenge by automating the training for 3D printer operators. Given multidimensional design choices, however, a research gap exists in the system requirements for such immersive guidance. To address this need, we explore the applicability of AR to guide users through a repair process. In that context, we report on the system design as well as the results of the AR system assessment in a qualitative study with experts. © 2023 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
In this article, the detection of COVID-19 patient based on attention segmental recurrent neural network (ASRNN) with Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) using ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT) images is proposed. Here, the ultra-low-dose CT images are gathered via real time dataset. The input images are preprocessed with the help of convolutional auto-encoder to recover the ULDCT images quality by removing noises. The preprocessed images are given to generalized additive models with structured interactions (GAMI) for extracting the radiomic features. The radiomic features, such as morphologic, gray scale statistic, Haralick texture are extracted using GAMI-Net. The ASRNN classifier, whose weight parameters optimized with Archimedes optimization algorithm enables COVID-19 ULDCT images classification as COVID-19 or normal. The proposed approach is activated in MATLAB platform. The proposed ASRNN-AOA-ULDCT attains accuracy 22.08%, 24.03%, 34.76%, 34.65%, 26.89%, 45.86%, and 32.14%;precision 23.34%, 26.45%, 34.98%, 27.06%, 35.87%, 34.44%, and 22.36% better than the existing methods, such as DenseNet-HHO-ULDCT, ELM-DNN-ULDCT, EDL-ULDCT, ResNet 50-ULDCT, SDL-ULDCT, CNN-ULDCT, and DRNN-ULDCT, respectively. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ABSTRACT
Products of the polymer industry, the lion's share of which is food packaging, create a significant threat to the en-vironment, which requires a search for the most effective and functional solutions to this problem. Every year, the production of polymer packaging is growing by an average of 10-12%, and last year, due to the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and its strains, the increase was more than 20%. A solution to the environmental problem is possible using the main basic approaches: disposal and recycling of waste, which will give the pos-sibility of the "second life” to already used polymers;development and creation of new biodegradable materials capable of degrading completely under the influence of external factors into relatively safer substances. However, it should be noted that the first method has a number of significant drawbacks associated with the difficulty in controlling the amount of recycling processes carried out, which can potentially lead to an increase in migration processes from polymeric materials. The second way to solve the environmental problem of packaging disposal and recycling is the direction associated with the creation of polymeric materials with the replacement of part of the traditional commercial synthetic bases with organic and inorganic fillers in various concentrations. However, the most promising way to handle packaging waste, in our opinion, is the development of technologies aimed at creating fully biodegradable materials with a regulated service life, which, after their life cycle, are disposed of in a short time without harming the environment. This review is devoted to the analysis of the market of modern biodegradable materials and methods for obtaining degradable compositions that can become a significant alternative to traditional plastics. © Myalenko D. M., 2023.
ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the world's industrialized nations' biggest issues. It has a significant influence on the ecosystem and negatively affects human health. The overuse of antibiotics in the healthcare and agri-food industries has historically been defined as a leading factor, although the use of antimicrobial-containing personal care products plays a significant role in the spread of AMR. Lotions, creams, shampoos, soaps, shower gels, toothpaste, fragrances, and other items are used for everyday grooming and hygiene. However, in addition to the primary ingredients, additives are included to help preserve the product by lowering its microbial load and provide disinfection properties. These same substances are released into the environment, escaping traditional wastewater treatment methods and remaining in ecosystems where they contact microbial communities and promote the spread of resistance. The study of antimicrobial compounds, which are often solely researched from a toxicological point of view, must be resumed considering the recent discoveries, to highlight their contribution to AMR. Parabens, triclocarban, and triclosan are among the most worrying chemicals. To investigate this issue, more effective models must be chosen. Among them, zebrafish is a crucial study system because it allows for the assessment of both the risks associated with exposure to these substances as well as environmental monitoring. Furthermore, artificial intelligence-based computer systems are useful in simplifying the handling of antibiotic resistance data and speeding up drug discovery processes.
ABSTRACT
Cetacean tourism and vessel traffic have grown considerably around the world in recent decades. At Akaroa Harbor, Aotearoa New Zealand, recreational vessel traffic, dolphin tourism, and cruise ship presence increased substantially between 2008 and 2020. We examined the relationship between vessel traffic parameters and the presence of Hector's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori) during the austral summer 2019–2020, using automated vessel tracking and autonomous passive acoustic monitoring. Data were collected between December 2019 and May 2020, including the entirety of the first COVID‐19 nationwide lockdown. Generalized additive models revealed that increasing levels of motor vessel traffic, the presence of cruise ships, and high levels of dolphin tour vessel traffic resulted in decreases in acoustic detections of dolphins. Our findings suggest that Hector's dolphins at Akaroa Harbor were displaced from core habitat in response to each of these vessel traffic parameters. We recommend that managers use immediately actionable tools to reduce the impacts of vessels on these dolphins.
ABSTRACT
Covid-19 is a completely new problem, and we have seen it move to a brand new level. After the 3rd wave of Covid-19 in India and predictions of another wave this year it is a major concern and still many people are not following basic precautionary measures like wearing a mask in public locations this can be solved by our face mask detection program we want to be short a good way to respond to new facts, which they are all around us. Growing a secure environment can be paramount the human to make lifestyles as smooth as ever. Alternatives have to be taken to protect all who go back and to maintain them our loved ones who have no troubles. New era packages are being made each day to satisfy regulations and regulations but, the face mask becomes a new well known used for regular existence, but, to create a more secure surroundings that contributes to public protection, a want to be diagnosed at some stage in date and motion towards people who do not put on masks in public locations or offices. Many sections of the general public appear to simply accept Covid adherence protection gear. A face masks detector is among the most crucial equipment. This software allows one to find out who does not have the desired face masks. Those applications with them current tracking systems and neural network algorithm to see if an individual has put on a mask or not. About this, we'll do discussion in short the synthetic intelligence and its small additives specifically device gaining knowledge of and in-intensity analysing, in-intensity reading frameworks followed with the aid of the usage of simplicity implementation of face masks detection machine. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is a significant threat to humanity in the present day due to the rapid increase in the number of infections worldwide. While most children may be spared of the direct mortality effects of the disease, those with weak immune systems are prone to adverse effects. Child mortality increases due to the stress caused to the health care system that disrupts essential health care needs such as immunisation and antenatal care. The use of functional foods (FF) aids in disease-prevention as they are known to have protective effects against COVID-19 by boosting children's cellular and humoral immunity. Plant components such as glycyrrhizin, epigallocatechin gallate, allicin, and fucoidan exhibit antiviral properties against various viruses, including SARS-CoV 2. Microbial foods that are made of probiotics, can enhance immunity against various respiratory viruses. Food enriched with additives such as lactoferrin, piperine, and zinc can boost immunity against COVID-19. With proper definitive drug therapy not available for treating COVID-19 and most of the disease management tools rely on symptoms and non-specific supportive care, developing a functional paediatric formulation will prevent further deterioration in infant health. It is wise to investigate the toxicological aspects of Functional Foods components especially when formulating for children. The safe limits of ingredients should be strictly followed during FFs formulation. Stronger regulations with advanced analytical techniques can help to formulate functional foods into the mainstream in child nutraceuticals. The purpose of this review is to compile collective information on the functional nutraceuticals specifically for infants and children up to the age of 10 years that could confer immunity against COVID-19 and other related viruses. Graphical : [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s).
ABSTRACT
The construction industry builds the essential infrastructure and contributes to the economic development of any nation. The productivity of the construction industry has been lagging behind manufacturing for many decades. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of the industry and its severe dependencies on manual, labour-oriented practices. The industry needs to become resilient and rebound quickly to recover from the impacts of the pandemic. The 3D printing or additive manufacturing concept offers to automate the processes of construction, improve efficiencies in design & construction, reduce wastage and sustainable development. The present paper intends to summarize the developments, trends, and application areas through a scientometric review. Research articles were obtained from the Scopus database. The USA leads the research studies followed by China, Australia, the UK and Germany. 339 documents were obtained from the initial search. These were systematically filtered for review through the PRISMA framework. The screened 193 articles were quantitatively analyzed through the VOS viewer software. The study summarizes the current research trends, themes, and future research trends. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge and intends to raise awareness of the concept and encourage researchers and practitioners to adopt the concept on a larger scale, especially in India. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this experiment was to increase poultry meat production by increasing the number of chickens reared in the same area and managing it by using medicinal herbs Salvia officinalis L and Lavandula angustifolia L. in the broiler chicken diet. 705 one-day-old chicks were randomly distributed into to7 treatments with three replicates for an area of two m2 floor system in each replicate for each treatment, during 35 days of the study. T0 negative control 75 chicks, 25 chicks for each replicate 12-13 chicks per m2 fed standard diet. T1 positive control (stocking density without supplementation)105 chicks, 35 each replicate chicks 17-18 per m2 fed standard diet. The same stocking density for T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 have been given standard feed with supplemented herbals, salvia 0.7%, 0.9%, lavender0.7%, 0.9%, and mixed 0.7% respectively. Depending on the results, chickens reared in stress stocking density with supplementations led to higher improvement of body weight, meat production, body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio(FCR g feed/g weight), production index PI, carcass weight (g) and dressing percentage, RBCs 106cells/mm3, lymphocyte%, of increasing activity of thyroid hormones T3, T4 (nmol/L) boost antibody titers of ND and IBV when compared with positive control. However, heterophil%, stress indicator H/L ratio, glucose mg/ dL and cholesterol mg/ dL significantly reduced. The results showed that adding sage and lavender plants to broiler feed is effective in improving productivity, immunity, and resistance characteristics in reducing the adverse effects of stress caused by increasing the intensity of broiler rearing in the same area.
ABSTRACT
As Southern hemisphere baleen whales recover, they are again becoming dominant consumers in the Southern Ocean. Key to understanding the present and future role of baleen whales in Southern Ocean ecosystems is determining their abundance on foraging grounds. Distance sampling is the standard method for estimating baleen whale abundance but requires specific logistic requirements which are rarely achieved in the remote Southern Ocean. We explore the potential use of tourist vessel-based sampling, as a cost-effective solution for conducting distance sampling surveys for baleen whales. We aimed to determine if tourist vessel-based surveys could be effective in determining baleen whale abundance in the southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. We did this in two parts. First, we used tourist vessel tracks to estimate the likely whale sightings per tourist's vessel voyage to understand how many voyages are needed to meet the model requirements. Second, we simulated the abundance and distributions of four baleen whale species for the study area and sampled them with both non-standardized tourist vessel-based surveys and standardized line transect surveys. Data were modeled using a generalized additive model and results were compared to the original simulated baleen whale abundance and distributions. We show that for the southwest Atlantic, 12-22 tourist voyages are likely required to provide an adequate number of sightings to estimate abundance for humpback and fin whales, and relative estimates for blue, sei, Antarctic minke, and southern right whales. Our analysis suggests tourist vessel-based surveys are a viable method for estimating baleen whale abundance in remote regions.
ABSTRACT
Research showed that reducing the protein level in the compound feed for gestating sows can have a positive effect on piglet growth. Sows fed with a lower protein content had more energy to produce milk, resulting in heavier piglets at weaning. Reducing protein intake did not negatively affect birth weight or the number of live-born piglets. The results suggest that the sows' daily need for crude protein may be even lower than the level investigated in the study. The findings are particularly relevant in light of the global shortage of organic soyabean meal and other protein sources due to the COVID-19 crisis.
ABSTRACT
Covid-19 pandemic had limited people's movement despite the demand to remain productive and maintain good health. Therefore, it was necessary to provide foods which are easy to distribute, durable, nutritious, and easily transformable to increase immunity. This research aims to develop a composite flour (TK) formula with optimal proportion of wheat flour (TT), snakehead fish flour (TIG), pumpkin flour (TBuL), and pumpkin seed flour (TBiL) which then enriched with zinc. The resulting TK is expected to be used as an ingredient for nutritious snacks containing high protein and zinc. The research was conducted in four stages, namely the making of each constituent flour, determining the best formulation with the Response Surface Methodology using Central Composite Design model, characterizing the physicochemical properties of TK and making meatballs, biscuits, and unting-unting from the TK. The three products were tested on experimental animals for their metabolic responses. The optimization of the formula resulted in three optimal formulations, namely formula A, B, and C with the proportion of TT:TIG:TBuL:TBiL respectively as follows 55:20:15:10;56.65:20:13.35:10;57.98:20:12.02:10. The most optimal formula of composite flour was formula A with the highest protein (26.12%) and zinc (18.06 mg/kg) content among other formulas. Then, zinc was added into Formula A using microencapsulation, and TK with protein content of 26.74% and zinc of 56.8 mg/kg were obtained. The histopatology observation on experimental animals showed that the three products made from TK did not cause necrosis of the liver or cell infiltration in the kidneys.
ABSTRACT
The 23rd International Colloquium Tribology in January 2022 was held for the first time as an online conference only, with about 300 participants. The organising team, speakers and participants therefore made the best of this traditional event in Germany in view of the Covid-19 pandemic, even though the "online conference is not a substitute for a conference on site”, as one participant stated aptly. In almost 140 talks, 8 of which were plenary talks, new findings were reported on the topics of lubricants and additives, measuring techniques, digitalisation, coatings and surfaces, transport and industry, and sustainability. Several presentations were dedicated to the EU project "i-Tribomat”, which will soon be launched as "The European Tribology Centre” that offers services for the tribological characterisation of materials and lubricants.
ABSTRACT
When covid-19 attacked the world, all activities in the economic, social, cultural, and educational fields which were initially carried out onsite, were all done online, especially education at Telkom University which mostly uses website-based applications such as LMS, Igracias, SiRAMA as learning media center. So, the possibility of problems with the website is very large. To overcome this, students can issue a ticketing to ask for assistance from IT support at Telkom University, namely the Information Technology Services. Therefore, the role of the Information Technology Services in online education is very important, because the service is directly dealing with problems that occur in every student of Telkom University. In this research, the author proposes a prediction system for the quality of service of the Information Technology Services to predict whether the services of the Information Technology Services have been maximized and have greatly helped Telkom University students. The author uses the Generalized Additive Model for regression algorithm to estimate the quality of the Information Technology Servicesector's service which is selected due to its flexibility. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
In accordance with global economic prosperity, the frequencies of food delivery and takeout orders have been increasing. The pandemic life, specifically arising from COVID-19, rapidly expanded the food delivery service. Thus, the massive generation of disposable plastic food containers has become significant environmental problems. Establishing a sustainable disposal platform for plastic packaging waste (PPW) of food delivery containers has intrigued particular interest. To comprise this grand challenge, a reliable thermal disposable platform has been suggested in this study. From the pyrolysis process, a heterogeneous plastic mixture of PPW was converted into syngas and value-added hydrocarbons (HCs). PPW collected from five different restaurants consisted of polypropylene (36.9 wt%), polyethylene (10.5 wt%), polyethylene terephthalate (18.1 wt%), polystyrene (13.5 wt%), polyvinyl chloride (4.2 wt%), and other composites (16.8 wt%). Due to these compositional complexities, pyrolysis of PPW led to formations of a variety of benzene derivatives and aliphatic HCs. Adapting multi-stage pyrolysis, the different chemicals were converted into industrial chemicals (benzene, toluene, styrene, etc.). To selectively convert HCs into syngas (H2 and CO), catalytic pyrolysis was adapted using supported Ni catalyst (5 wt% Ni/SiO2). Over Ni catalyst, H2 was produced as a main product due to C[sbnd]H bond scission of HCs. When CO2 was used as a co-reactant, HCs were further transformed to H2 and CO through the chemical reactions of CO2 with gas phase HCs. CO2-assisted catalytic pyrolysis also retarded catalyst deactivation inhibiting coke deposition on Ni catalyst. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
ABSTRACT
In light of recently increased e-commerce, also a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study examines how additive manufacturing (AM) can contribute to e-commerce supply chain network resilience, profitability and competitiveness. With the recent competitive supply chain challenges, companies aim to decrease cost performance metrics and increase responsiveness. In this work, we aim to establish utilisation policies for AM in a supply chain network so that companies can simultaneously improve their total network cost and response time performance metrics. We propose three different utilisation policies, i.e. reactive, proactive – both with 3D printing support – and a policy excluding AM usage in the system. A simulation optimisation process for 136 experiments under various input design factors for an (s, S) inventory control policy is carried out. We also completed a statistical analysis to identify significant factors (i.e. AM, holding cost, lead time, response time, demand amount, etc.) affecting the performance of the studied retailer supply chain. Results show that utilising AM in such a network can prove beneficial, and where the reactive policy contributes significantly to the network performance metrics. Practically, this work has important managerial implications in defining the most appropriate policies to achieve optimisation of supply network operations and resilience with the aid of AM, especially in times of turbulence and uncertainty. © 2022 The Authors
ABSTRACT
The increasing usage of petroleum-based compounds has prompted numerous environmental concerns. Consequently, there has been a steady rise in research on the synthesis of useful materials from natural sources. Paper technologists are seeking environmentally acceptable dry end and wet end additives. Among the bio-based resources available, nanocellulose is a popular sustainable nanomaterial additive in the paper industry because of its high strength, high oxygen barrier performance, low density, great mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. NC's extensive hydroxyl groups provide a unique possibility to dramatically modify the hydrophilicity and charge of the surface in order to improve their potential applications in the paper industry. The current paper reviews two series of surface modifications, each with various subcategories, depending on why modified nanocellulose is added in the paper production: to improve barrier properties or to improve mechanical properties of packaging materials. The methods presented in this study use the minimum amount of chemically hazardous solvents to have the least impact on the environment. This review focuses on modifications of nanocellulose and their subsequent application in the papermaking. The knowledge and the discussion presented in this review will form a literature source for future use by various stakeholders and the sustainable paper manufacturers.
ABSTRACT
Background: Food additives act as preventive measures and promote a healthy immune response against pathogenic diseases. There are several functional food additives with antiviral potential that are part of our daily food supplements, which can be exploited to improve the immunity of the human being during the pandemic of COVID-19. Scope and Approach: For this study, an extensive database search using the scientific databases and Google Scholar, as well as commercial search engines, such as Google and Google Patent, was con-ducted to explore commercial and patentable applications. Key Finding: Food additives, such as Phyllanthus emblica, Long pepper, Cinnamon, Turmeric, Cardamom, Ginger, Garlic, Holy Basil, and Liquorice, are used in traditional cultures as preventive treatments. The phytocompounds extracted from these food additives are immune modulators against various pathogenic inflammations. Enhancing the immune response and boosting health are the benefits of these food additives. Conclusion(s): The research literature and reputable sources online confirm that functional food additives in a regular diet may help cure COVID-19 disease. It is necessary to conduct scientific research to determine the effectiveness of food additives. Future Direction: The majority of diseases are caused by metabolic disorders. It is clear that diet plays a major role in controlling the inflammation associated with diseases and metabolic disorders. There is still a lack of phytochemical screening of compounds in food additives and their interaction with me-tabolism. This effort will help the science community to think outside of the box of medicine. Copyright © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease and is declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 has disrupted global supply chains including those of medical products and created severe shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). To ease the situation, many universities, industries, maker communities, and hobbyists have come forward and shared their designs in the public domain, to enable manufacturing of PPE such as face shields with readily available materials in partnership with local industries. Face shield protects the facial region including the mucous membranes (eyes, nose, and mouth) from splashes of body fluids that could contain harmful pathogens, in this case the novel coronavirus. The design and manufacturing of two novel reusable, low-cost, lightweight, comfortable, and easy to wear face shields are presented in the current article. The headband in one face shield (referred as FS1) is realized via additive manufacturing (popularly known as 3D printing) and the other (denoted by FS2), using conventional milling operation. The novelty in FS1 is its headband, which is designed to cover the ears too while in FS2, the headband is made of 3-ply corrugated cardboard that is biodegradable and recyclable. A 175 microns thick, high transparency, scratch-resistant, and anti-fog sheet are used as the shield material. Mass-producing face shields at low costs (INR 20 or USD 0.27) with the selected manufacturing methods are proposed. Both products received very good feedback from frontline workers. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.